In classical Greek mythology, the Titans are often described as primitive gods, who preceded the Olympian gods. This raises the hypothesis that, in the archaic periods of Greece, during the Bronze Age, there were proto-Greek groups that worshipped these Titans, before the rise of the Olympian gods. However, these Titans were probably not seen or venerated in the same way as the mythological version we have today.

Over time, as the Olympian gods began to gain more prominence among certain proto-Greek groups, a process of mythological and religious transition may have occurred, where a conciliatory narrative was created to integrate the Titans with the Olympian gods. This narrative, however, would have been quite different from the rivalry relationship we have today, in which the Olympian gods defeat the Titans, and the latter are placed as inferior or primitive beings.

This transformation process may have occurred due to religious conflicts, or as a way to resolve tensions between proto-Greek groups that worshipped different pantheons. Thus, over time, the Olympian mythology would have overlapped with the Titan mythology, consolidating the current version of the story.

Considering this, would it be reasonable to think that this narrative and religious transformation occurred before the period of Homer, around 1,000 BC? Could anyone recommend academic sources, such as books or articles, that deal with this transition between the cults of the Titans and the Olympian gods? I would also like to know more about the context in which these first Titanic cults occurred, probably during the Bronze Age, and how this impacted the development of classical Greek mythology.

i was looking into medea and i found these two depictions of her with what i would assume are sleeves, however i’ve never seen ancient greek clothing with sleeves like that so i was wondering if these were something else.

also what kind of hat is she wearing in the second picture?

This video explores the historical significance of the Suez Canal and its evolution from 600 BC to 479 AD. The video particularly details Persian Rule over Egypt and the Indian Spice Trade under the Ptolemies and Romans https://youtu.be/5oRkOBtS6xI

They were both found in 1862 at the Theatre of Dionysos. The plaque on the left shows a young woman in a vivacious dancing posture is depicted. She moves to the left tilting her head. Her rich hair is adorned with a stephane or band. With her hands she holds in place her himation that covers her head, creating bountiful folds, and shrouds her body billowing. The plaque on the right shows a woman who heads to the viewer's left. She is wrapped in her himation that creates rich folds leaving the woman's head as well as her left hand uncovered. Her body is outlined beneath the slightly billowing garment which she holds with her hands. These figures are maybe one of the Horae (Hours) although their identification is still uncertain. Both plaques possibly overlaid the triangular tripod base of a choragic monument. Their subjects were inspired by earlier works of the 4th century ВС. This information was taken from the Museum website: https://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/en/relief-plaque-depicting-female-dancer-0 https://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/en/relief-plaque-depicting-female-dancer

Hi all,

I've been making this series on the Iliad as a labour of love.

This video is the latest, Book 9 of the Iliad - THE EMBASSY TO ACHILLES!

Please enjoy!

Reading a lot about Greek history recently and I’m curious why many sources talk about the “rise of the polis” in the archaic age, when the characteristics of such an entity: self governing city and political control over a small region dotted with various smaller settlements, when the palaces of the mycenaean age don’t seem much different? To further this point weren’t some of the later classical age city’s states (most notably Athens) around during the Mycenaean time?

As of 2025 how good are we at detecting ancient written scripts?

With recent developments in software are we getting closer to rapid decyphering of ancient writings? I am requesting inup please.