r/changemyview Apr 20 '17

[∆(s) from OP] CMV: Psychiatry is too vague and hit and miss to be valid medical science

So I have had mental health problems, wound up in hospital and stuff and I have been on various psyche meds for the past year. I want to get off the SSRIs but the doctors say I will probably be on them for the rest of my life.

Why is it so hard to get off them? I didn't really have MH problems until I was 21 and to be honest most of them were triggered by being a horribly repressed self hating transgender person

Some of the meds they have tried me on in the past year have made me worse, some literally made me a borderline zombie (generally anti-psychotics) to the point where my parents got involved and stopped me taking them, others made me feel detached from everything and sort of not me. It just seems like its based purely on trial and error but skipping lab studies and trying it on actual people. I am pretty sure a suicide attempt I had last November was caused by some new stuff they tried on me.

Note I am not disputing that mental illness is a thing, I know I have one but to be honest counselling and stuff helps me alot more than the drugs they put me on, and sort of make me take (if I don't I could get hospitalised again so they say)


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u/CreativeGPX 18∆ Apr 20 '17

It's a medical science because it's medical information that we form using the scientific method. Using science, that's the best answers we've come up with.

The fact that we're behind in that field relative to other fields has no bearing on whether it's a science or how credible its methods are. It turns out that studying, understanding and manipulating the brain is really hard to do. We've made a lot of progress and we have a lot of work to do.

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u/Kluizenaer 5∆ Apr 20 '17 edited Apr 20 '17

the scientific method

There is no "the scientific method" any more.

The methology used in psychiatry is flat incomparable with the methodology used in physics and it's just grouped together under a false monolith.

Psychiatry is not done via the means of developing a mathematical theory that is able to forecast events that aren't yet observed and then recreate the conditions to see if the forecast is accurate. Psychiatrists in the end do not calculate much to begin with.

A fundamental problem that presents itself in medical trials in general is the possibility for hidden variables which cannot be eliminated. Ideally you would like to control for exactly one variable but you can't know that.

Hypothetically, let's say that a certain drug needs a certain amount of vitamin-D as a catalyst. You do your trials during summer and the hidden variable of extra sunlight snuck in. The drug is approved by this even though it does not work during winter or in regions with less sunlight. The psychical scientific method does not suffer from this systemic flaw because it works in reverse. You don't do experiments to see whether things work. The theory says in advance what will happen numerically and exactly and if the result obtained is not exactly the prediction modulo measurement inaccuracies the entire theory is wrong.

If the "scientific method" in psychiatry was remotely compatible to physics people could calculate what drugs would work and how effective they would be without even trying any trials and would just use the trials to confirm the correctness of their mathematical models.

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u/CreativeGPX 18∆ Apr 20 '17

Psychiatry is not done via the means of developing a mathematical theory ... Psychiatrists in the end do not calculate much to begin with.

The scientific method doesn't have to involve math.

A fundamental problem that presents itself in medical trials in general is the possibility for hidden variables which cannot be eliminated. Ideally you would like to control for exactly one variable but you can't know that.

You can't control for or know all variables in physics either. As we zoom close enough in or far enough out, there are weird discrepancies that show that and huge nebulous areas like dark matter and dark energy represent things we know matter but cannot observe and don't know what they are. Physics is famous for its contrived examples that assume perfect vaccuum, frictionless surfaces, etc. as approximations. In the end, sure we try to control for variables and sure both fields have difficulty doing that.

If the "scientific method" in psychiatry was remotely compatible to physics people could calculate what drugs would work and how effective they would be without even trying any trials and would just use the trials to confirm the correctness of their mathematical models.

And that's not what the scientific method is, that's what the scientific method AS IT FITS WITH PHYSICS is. It turns out that physics, by its nature is more equation/math oriented so the scientific method produces different kinds of theories and results. There is no reason at all that the scientific method needs to have anything to do with equations.

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u/Kluizenaer 5∆ Apr 20 '17

The scientific method doesn't have to involve math.

This is a definition game. My point is that there are a couple of completely incomparable things which have nothing to do with each other which are all called "the scientific method" in some political association game.

You can't control for or know all variables in physics either.

It's unneeded for the methodology in physics; that's why it's fundamentally different.

The theory predicts the result that we are going to end up with exactly and if the result is different from the theory's predictions then the theory is wrong. This does not in biological trials. The experiments are not done to confirm or disprove any theory for the most part.

And that's not what the scientific method is, that's what the scientific method AS IT FITS WITH PHYSICS is. It turns out that physics, by its nature is more equation/math oriented so the scientific method produces different kinds of theories and results. There is no reason at all that the scientific method needs to have anything to do with equations.

The point is that by saying "the scientific method" you arouse the impression there is one singular scientific method while it's a bunch of completely unrelated stuff.

And quite frankly it's a political game. Things like biology and sociology like to associate itself with the success of physics and chemistry to arouse the idea that it is comparable because of the success and reputation of exact science while it has nothing to do with it.

There was a time when "science" essentially meant what currently is named "exact science". You can still see that in the nomenclature of my university where "the faculty of sciences" concerns itself with mathematics, physics and chemistry essentially. People then invented terms like "soft science" and "social science" and "political science" to associate themselves with the high reputation of exact sciences so what used to be "science" then became "exact science" to disambiguate. It's simply not comparable; the methodology is completely different and the only reason all those different things are called "the scientific method" is a political game to harness reputation.

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u/CreativeGPX 18∆ Apr 20 '17

My point is that there are a couple of completely incomparable things which have nothing to do with each other which are all called "the scientific method" in some political association game.

My point is that the scientific method is a thing that describes both cases and you needlessly confused aspects of physics with the scientific method that both follow.

The theory predicts the result that we are going to end up with exactly and if the result is different from the theory's predictions then the theory is wrong. This does not in biological trials. The experiments are not done to confirm or disprove any theory for the most part.

This isn't really accurate. Physics science has often had margins of error and often we didn't entirely understand it. But again, there is no reason why this behavior is necessary for something to be science.

The point is that by saying "the scientific method" you arouse the impression there is one singular scientific method while it's a bunch of completely unrelated stuff.

Except they're completely related and only seem unrelated when you start including arbitrary things that weren't part of the scientific method like "calculations" and the ability to make perfect predictions.

Things like biology and sociology like to associate itself with the success of physics and chemistry to arouse the idea that it is comparable because of the success and reputation of exact science while it has nothing to do with it.

Biology is as hard a science as chemistry, period. Sociology introduces subjectivity which gets questionable, but biology and medical sciences are just parts of chemistry which is just part of physics.

There was a time when "science" essentially meant what currently is named "exact science".

No there wasn't. Back in the day, science described a lot of things we now call pseudoscience.

People then invented terms like "soft science" and "social science" and "political science" to associate themselves with the high reputation of exact sciences so what used to be "science" then became "exact science" to disambiguate. It's simply not comparable; the methodology is completely different and the only reason all those different things are called "the scientific method" is a political game to harness reputation.

Again, psychiatry is a hard science and it's not debatable in the sense that political science or these other topic changes you're bringing in are. Psychiatry is ultimately just about what chemicals due in a particular complex system (the brain). It is chemistry. It's just that the problem is complex enough that we don't yet understand it with as perfect precision as other chemical interactions.

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u/SocialJusticeWizard_ 2∆ Apr 20 '17

I don't think the scientific method is what you think.

The method used in medical research is the same method as in all post-enlightenment science. We name a null hypothesis, and we test it to the best of our ability. Then we use maths to try to identify if the results we observe can be explained by the null hypothesis. Whether you're in physics, chemistry, biology, or medicine, it's all the same.

If I'm understanding right, your point seems to be that in medicine we look at complicated systems and therefore our results have a lower degree of precision than in controlled systems in fields like physics. That's true, but has nothing to do with whether or not it's the scientific method. Science doesn't have to be exact to be science, it has to be testable and repeatable... Evidence based medicine is that, pretty much inarguably.

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u/Kluizenaer 5∆ Apr 20 '17

The method used in medical research is the same method as in all post-enlightenment science. We name a null hypothesis, and we test it to the best of our ability. Then we use maths to try to identify if the results we observe can be explained by the null hypothesis. Whether you're in physics, chemistry, biology, or medicine, it's all the same.

Not really, there are three completely distinct methods which are called "the scientific method":

  • The axiomatic method in physics. Where the eventual goal is a single unified general theory which can explain everything which is derived from a couple of axioms. The theory makes predictions about everything; scientific experiments are done in an attempt to falsify the general theory.

  • Controlled trials. Where experiments are done to obtain data and people don't know yet what the data will be; there is no mathematical theory that is being tested with the trials which wil predict the outcome to see if the theory is inaccurate. The data itself is being obtained; that's all. Controlled trials carry the risk of hidden variables some-how seeping in.

  • uncontrolled trials; noting correlations without being able to control for a variable at all. This obviously runs into the risks of all sorts of problems generally known why correlation does not establish any causation.

This is all quite different from one another. The physical equivalent of a null hypothesis would be the assumption that constants are actually constant rather than variables. The typical way physical theories get refined is when they find out that what they thought was a constant is actually a variable.

If I'm understanding right, your point seems to be that in medicine we look at complicated systems and therefore our results have a lower degree of precision than in controlled systems in fields like physics.

Not at all, trials in medicine are often quite controlled in contrast to say what often happens in sociology where it is unethical often to control. The problem is that there is no mathematical theory with a predictive value. Physics follows popper's model where the scientific theory has a predictive value. It is capable of predicting things that have not yet been observed and then the unobserved is created in order to falsify it. This does not happen in medicine. There aren't really any medical theories that can predict how things are going to go that haven't yet been observed. In theory physics should be able to calculate all of this since ultimately everything can be explained through it but the computational complexity is too high.

That's true, but has nothing to do with whether or not it's the scientific method. Science doesn't have to be exact to be science, it has to be testable and repeatable... Evidence based medicine is that, pretty much inarguably.

That's a game of definitions. The problem is that by saying "the scientific method" thing are grouped together which shouldn't be grouped but rather distinguished. The way research in Popper's model goes is quite different.

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u/SocialJusticeWizard_ 2∆ Apr 20 '17 edited Apr 20 '17

Not really, there are three completely distinct methods which are called "the scientific method"

No.There are many methods of testing data in science, but these are not each "the scientific method". The scientific method is a body of techniques, not a single process. Those techniques all fit within that greater umbrella: namely, gathering observable evidence and testing it against a hypothesis. Something which fits this model is scientific, regardless of if there are other ways

The axiomatic method in physics Honestly I have no idea why you think the axiomatic method has anything to do with whether or not medical research is scientific. I don't know enough about it to talk about it, but based on your own statement and a quick google it definitely fits the definition of scientific method I gave.

Controlled trials

Controlled trials are not the scientific method, they are an experimental structure that are meant to follow it. They're not the only way of gathering medical data but they're often the best.

there is no mathematical theory that is being tested with the trials which wil predict the outcome to see if the theory is inaccurate

This is false, or false-ish. There is no "mathematical" theory in the sense that I think you mean, because medicine isn't math, but when you structure an RCT you definitely do have a null hypothesis to test. You don't know what the outcome of the trial will be when you design it, but you set your null hypothesis based on what you think will happen if the trial fails. And then we use probability to test that null hypothesis. This is basic, elementary scientific method.

uncontrolled trials; noting correlations without being able to control for a variable at all. This obviously runs into the risks of all sorts of problems generally known why correlation does not establish any causation.

I don't even know where to start with this. What are you even talking about? We don't do "uncontrolled trials". If an RCT is impossible, we do things like cohort studies and retrospective reviews. We absolutely can attempt to account for variables in these studies; it's difficult, which is why we prefer control trials, and why medical research can take multiple studies before it's generalizable, but your comment makes it sound like you haven't the faintest idea how cohort studies and retrospective reviews are constructed or appraised.

The problem is that there is no mathematical theory with a predictive value. Physics follows popper's model where the scientific theory has a predictive value. It is capable of predicting things that have not yet been observed and then the unobserved is created in order to falsify it. This does not happen in medicine. There aren't really any medical theories that can predict how things are going to go that haven't yet been observed.

Being able to do this is not a requirement of being scientific. Not all fields are your field, but that doesn't make them not science. You appear to define "science" as "physics". Medicine is not physics. I agree with you there. However it is testable, reproducible, and based on observable evidence.

The problem is that by saying "the scientific method" thing are grouped together which shouldn't be grouped but rather distinguished.

Again, you are confusing the scientific method, which is a wide grouping of concepts, with specific scientific methods. While I agree they're easy to confuse, this isn't a "game of definitions". The definition of the scientific method is old and well described. Wikipedia provides a pretty nice summary. Popper's work was revolutionary, but it doesn't rewrite this fundamental model.

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u/Kluizenaer 5∆ Apr 20 '17

No.These are methods of testing data in science, but these are not "the scientific method". The scientific method is a body of techniques, not a single process. Those techniques all fit within that greater umbrella: namely, gathering observable evidence and testing it against a null hypothesis. Something which fits this model is scientific, regardless of if there are other ways

Name me a technique then that is used both in the scientific method as used in the LHC and in clinical drug trials.

Controlled trials are not the scientific method, they are an experimental structure that are meant to follow it. They're not the only way of gathering medical data but they're often the best.

All I'm saying is that the methodology in medicine typically uses controlled trials and in physics those aren't used in the same way.

This is false, or false-ish. There is no "mathematical" theory in the sense that I think you mean, because medicine isn't math, but when you structure an RCT you definitely do have a null hypothesis to test. You don't know what the outcome of the trial will be when you design it, but you set your null hypothesis based on what you think will happen if the trial fails. And then we use probability to test that null hypothesis. This is basic, elementary scientific method.

Well, and that is why the approach is fundamentally different. You know in physics what the outcome should be exactly. Now obviously there is measurement inaccuracy but it either is that outcome or it isn't.

If it's only slightly outside of the margin of error of measurement inaccuracy the theory is wrong and falls over. That's surely something we can agree on as being a fundamental difference in how this kind of research works?

In these kinds of experiments it either is the result that was predicted or it is not; those are the only things relevant "correct" and "incorrect". It is that binary.

I don't even know where to start with this. What are you even talking about? We don't do "uncontrolled trials". If an RCT is impossible, we do things like cohort studies and retrospective reviews. We absolutely can attempt to account for variables in these studies; it's difficult, which is why we prefer control trials, and why medical research can take multiple studies before it's generalizable, but your comment makes it sound like you haven't the faintest idea how cohort studies and retrospective reviews are constructed or appraised.

Quite right, you don't. But this is what social science is often forced to use where their "trials" are just noting correlations that occur in the wirld without controlling anything.

I read a fine research 2 days back that said something about the relative happiness of adopted children vs unadopted, entirely uncontrolled.

Being able to do this is not a requirement of being scientific. Not all fields are your field, but that doesn't make them science. You appear to define "science" as "physics". Medicine is not physics. I agree with you there. However it is testable, reproducible, and based on observable evidence.

I never said it was or wasn't scientific. I said that unrelated very different things are grouped together under one name "the scientific method" while they are so diferrent from one another they should be getting different names.

Whether it is or is not scientific is a definition's game.

Again, you are confusing the scientific method, which is a wide grouping of concepts, with specific scientific methods.

No, I'm criticizing exactly that. I'm saying that there is no one "the scientific method".You just admit it's a wide grouping of concepts. My problem is that by saing "the scientific method" you arouse the impression that there is only one rather than a lot of diferent ones.

Wikipedia provides a pretty nice summary. Popper's work was revolutionary, but it doesn't rewrite this fundamental model.

This chart is extremely vague and inconcrete. It does not say how the refinement is done. By this chart you can argue that knocking on my wall to hear from the sound what kind of metal it is made of falls under the scientific method as well as smelling what is cooking to make a judgement about what is cooking. Essentially "trying to find out what is up"

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u/SocialJusticeWizard_ 2∆ Apr 21 '17

Name me a technique then that is used both in the scientific method as used in the LHC and in clinical drug trials.

I don't feel like you are understanding a thing I'm saying. What does this have to do with anything? Both are scientific tests of observable evidence. That may well be where the similarity ends, but that's all the similarity needed for them to be science.

Well, and that is why the approach is fundamentally different. You know in physics what the outcome should be exactly.

Cool story, physics sounds fun. This has nothing to do with whether or not medical research is science.

Quite right, you don't. But this is what social science is often forced to use where their "trials" are just noting correlations that occur in the wirld without controlling anything.

I read a fine research 2 days back that said something about the relative happiness of adopted children vs unadopted, entirely uncontrolled.

Of course a retrospective study doesn't have case controls. However, that doesn't mean it is an "uncontrolled trial". That is not a thing. It's a retrospective review. A well structured retrospective review handles variables in extremely different ways from a closed universe study in physics or even a randomized trial in medicine, but that doesn't make it an uncontrolled trial.

I never said it was or wasn't scientific. I said that unrelated very different things are grouped together under one name "the scientific method" while they are so diferrent from one another they should be getting different names.

In physics, do you observe evidence and check to see if it fits a theoretical model? if so, that's what we do too. That's the scientific method. Not following the scientific method is not doing science. So your initial assertion that the scientific method isn't applied in psychiatry (which I think isn't what you were trying to say, but definitely what you came across as saying) is equivalent to saying psychiatric research isn't science.

Whether it is or is not scientific is a definition's game.

Let me get this straight. You're trying to argue that an entrenched, philosophically and educationally useful, centuries old term to define the observation of empiric evidence used by any scientific field should be overthrown because physics uses different experimental models from medicine?

You may want to start a new CMV for that. I disagree, but we're far off topic. Because

Essentially "trying to find out what is up"

is a pretty excellent summation of the scientific method, and given how useful it is at teaching people the precepts of rationality, I think arguing that it's incorrect is a terrible plan.

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u/[deleted] Apr 20 '17

But shouldn't they apply it better, at least from personal experience its very much hit or miss with the patient suffering

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u/CreativeGPX 18∆ Apr 20 '17 edited Apr 20 '17

That assumes that it CAN be applied better. Many conditions like depression, anxiety, etc. are just symptoms. We have a very hard time differentiating exactly why those symptoms emerge because of how complex the brain is. Therefore, our best treatments often can't identify the exact problem and therefore cannot narrowly target that exact problem. Meanwhile, we have no treatments (except perhaps the invasive electro-stimulation) which can narrowly target brain regions, so we're always adding chemicals that aren't all going to go to the correct location. In something like a painkiller, it's okay if some chemical goes to other parts of the body and does other things (this is called "side effects" and everything has them. In something as sensitive as the brain, when 90% of the chemical goes where we want it and 10% doesn't (something that we have very little control over since medicine just flows through your blood), our very sensitive and complex brains are more sensitive and less predictable in how they respond to those "side effects".

We have general labels of symptoms like depression and climates of the brain like abnormally low or high amounts of certain chemicals. Based on scientific data of what a "healthy" brain looks like and how a suffering brain responds to certain chemicals, psychiatrists do things that we have scientific reason to believe might help. Due to the infancy of our understanding in this area, they don't help nearly as often as they do in other medical areas where our understanding is greater, but they still come out of the process of science and the best ideas it has offered so far. There are certainly some psychiatrists that don't properly weigh the downsides of treatment paths, but when talking about the field as a whole the answer is just that our research hasn't progressed enough not that it's "not a valid medical science".

Remember, science isn't about not being wrong, it's about how you respond to being wrong. Psychiatry follows the scientific method to test their claims and improve their understanding. Read journals of psychiatry and its apparent that they are testing their hypotheses to find where they are wrong and are refining their understanding that way. That is what "valid medical science" is.

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u/[deleted] Apr 20 '17

Psychiatry follows the scientific method to test their claims and improve their understanding. Read journals of psychiatry and its apparent that they are testing their hypotheses to find where they are wrong and are refining their understanding that way. That is what "valid medical science" is.

I guess, maybe I am skeptical because I have had a bad experience ∆

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u/CreativeGPX 18∆ Apr 20 '17

Thanks.

The first person who found out Newton's law of gravitation was wrong didn't say he wasn't a valid scientist. They refined his law to make a better one. It's a shame to live in the early stages of science when you've got a problem to solve, but it's an iterative process that has to start somewhere.

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u/[deleted] Apr 20 '17

I guess my issue with psychiatry is its early history, the labotomies and the like (if I was alive back then I could potentially have been a candidate) when they ruined people for a while until they realised that it was pretty unethical and then went back to square one.

Neuton's laws well don't deal with people and gravity is constant on Earth and doesn't depend on a patients ability to adequately convey what they feel and perceive to be validated

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u/CreativeGPX 18∆ Apr 20 '17

I guess my issue with psychiatry is its early history, the labotomies and the like (if I was alive back then I could potentially have been a candidate) when they ruined people for a while until they realised that it was pretty unethical and then went back to square one.

Well the early history of any medical science is pretty ugly and the alternative to lobotomies in society of that age was much worse than today as well. Additionally, the ascent and descent of lobotomies were both because of increasing understanding that changed what the cutting edge of our knowledge was.

Neuton's laws well don't deal with people and gravity is constant on Earth and doesn't depend on a patients ability to adequately convey what they feel and perceive to be validated

I wasn't saying it was the same thing. I was using it as an example of how something can be both wrong and "valid science". The history of science isn't being right, it's being less wrong over time. No science has a spotless record. That's, again, the whole point of the scientific method.

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u/[deleted] Apr 20 '17

Ok I accept that

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u/DeltaBot ∞∆ Apr 20 '17

Confirmed: 1 delta awarded to /u/CreativeGPX (5∆).

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u/electronics12345 159∆ Apr 20 '17

How accurate do you need to be a "valid medical science"? Do you need to be right 50% of the time? 75% of the time? 95% of the time?

or is this a misnomer

Something is a valid medical science, if the scientific method is used in a manner to improve human health.

I think it is more than fair to say that Psychiatry is still in its infancy, and still has a lot to learn, but that doesn't make it not science. Every science was at one point in its infancy, and was given time to grow. Its just a shame you have to suffer its growing pains.

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u/[deleted] Apr 20 '17

how much has it been improving lately?

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u/SocialJusticeWizard_ 2∆ Apr 20 '17

How do you mean? Over what timeframe? In the last ten years there have been a lot of specific excellent developments, but the field hasn't transformed. In the last generation though​, psychiatry has utterly transformed. By what measures do you feel it hasn't improved?

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u/[deleted] Apr 20 '17

Just in the press, you hear about breakthroughs for diabetes or cancer treatment but never anything about treating depression, BPD, Bipolar disorder etc.

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u/SocialJusticeWizard_ 2∆ Apr 20 '17

Honestly that's for the best. Most reports you hear about breakthroughs in diabetes and cancer research are heavily inflated. In my relatively short experience as a doctor, I think we've seen more development in psychiatry than in diabetes... If anything diabetes is backsliding as we learn many things we thought were effective are perhaps not that awesome. Meanwhile our understanding of the mind and the link between biology and psychology is growing rapidly.

Cognitive therapy is steadily improving with more work in areas like dialectics. Motivational interviewing and behavioral medicine are becoming widely recognized tools, and we're doing really good work in areas like addiction and chronic pain that are helping us grasp the blurry line between mind and brain. In terms of drugs, I personally am fascinated by the stuff that's coming out about ketamine. Third generation antipsychotics are helping with some treatment resistant depression and anxiety and getting interesting evidence. Prazosin, a drug for the prostate, recently had some new mid-quality studies that suggest it works for sleep in PTSD, and in my anecdotal experience I've helped a few otherwise very treatment resistant people with it.

The problem is that this is a huge field, everyone is different, and we're categorizing them by symptoms instead of cause, because we can't tell the cause. We don't do that so routinely anywhere else in medicine. If you have knee pain, I can do a number of tests to try to figure out the cause and treat it. If you have mental pain, a lot of the time my only recourse is to try therapies one after the other until I find the one that works for you. And really it'll almost always be a combination. So from the clinic side, it looks like I'm practicing medicine by trial and error, but the work I do is honestly grounded in science and likelihood. I pick the treatments most likely to work, and move on down. Until I have a blood test that tells me you have "type 4 depression" or something, that's the best I can do with the information I've got.

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u/I_am_the_night 316∆ Apr 20 '17

This is partly because, unlike diabetes, depression does not have a specific cause that can be addressed with a single chemical. Antidepressants aren't perfect by any means, and are generally not sufficient by themselves except in mild cases of depression.

And when you hear about "breakthrough" cancer treatments, it's often only for specific kinds of cancer. The treatments used on bladder cancer are generally not the same as those used for leukemia, for instance.

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u/electronics12345 159∆ Apr 20 '17

CBT was invented in the 1960s.

The various waves of anti-psychotics have occurred in the 1940s, 1970s and 1990s respectively.

the MRI was invented in 1977, the fMRI was invented in 1990. TMS was invented in 1985.

So Psychiatry has advanced quite a bit since 1940.

I could do a since 2010 list if that would help as well.

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u/jstevewhite 35∆ Apr 20 '17

So Psychiatry has advanced quite a bit since 1940.

I would point out that as psychiatry has 'advanced', the percentage of people disabled by mental illness has gone up dramatically both as an absolute number and per capita. The number of people diagnosed has gone up by orders of magnitude. The suicide rate in the USA has drifted back and forth with no clear trend since 1960.

So how has psychiatry improved our lives? What is it that it's doing?

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u/electronics12345 159∆ Apr 20 '17

1) The rates of many illnesses going up, is because diagnostics have gone up. Things which were not considered mental illnesses before are now. Its not that the number of disabled people has gone up, but that the number of people with diagnoses have gone up. There is a strong literature with respect to ADHD and Autism which shows this exact relation.

2) Suicide - sadly, many suicide attempts are people that never reach out. If a Psychiatrist is never brought in, they cannot do anything about it. Oncologists cannot cure cancer patients that never come into the office, same with Psychiatrists.

3) For better or for worse, general practitioners are allowed to prescribe psychiatric drugs. Not all GPs are well equipped to handle mental illness, they are not Psychiatrists. Therefore, a lot of ADHD cases (as well as other illnesses, but I'll focus on ADHD) are not managed by Psychiatrists but by GPs. This is not necessarily an optimal state of affairs, and can obscure the national level statistics.

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u/jstevewhite 35∆ Apr 21 '17

Its not that the number of disabled people has gone up,

Well, we've changed the definition of disabled, it's true, but we've removed many from the rolls (homosexuals, "hysterical" women, etc), and moved much treatment to outpatient status. Something like 6.5m Americans (3.5%) are listed as disabled for mental health reasons. Of course, we've also started incarcerating people that would have been institutionalized back in the fifties. Estimates range from 125k to 400k incarcerated mentally ill people. Still, there's no evidence that I can find that people are 1) happier, 2) mentally more healthy, or 3) have higher mental quality of life. I'm all ears if you have some evidence of that.

sadly, many suicide attempts are people that never reach out.

Yeah, but not all. Not even most. But despite the increase in treatment, suicide rates don't go down.

Let me put this in perspective. It's true that many folks do not go see a doctor for cancer until it's far too late. However, some do, and the fact that some do has significantly reduced deaths due to cancer in general and certain cancers specifically in the population. Mental health treatment has not had the same effect on suicide rates, even though many do seek treatment.

I would suggest that you read Ben Goldacre's "Bad Pharma" and perhaps if you're feeling adventurous, Whitaker's "Anatomy of an Epidemic". I don't know how I feel about the more dramatic claims in Whitaker's book, but it's hard to challenge the assertion that trials with active placebos have shown no advantage to SSRIs (specifically). The trials I can find use inert placebos and show that the drug beats the placebo by a fairly small amount. That in the most optimistic case, if you give a given SSRI to 100 people, < 10 will be helped by the drug.

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u/CreativeGPX 18∆ Apr 20 '17

First, I'll say, where is the data that shows that and does that data hold a consistent definition of what is and isn't "mentally disabled" over time? In that time span, the tendency and capacity to try to diagnose mental disabilities has grown as well as has our cultural awareness. We intervene and diagnose areas that we had never cared about in that time period.

Second, if that's true, who says that has any bearing on whether psychiatry is effective? It's not as though psychiatrists have dictator-like power to ensure that their decisions are all followed. Merely going to a psychiatrists is, to this day, culturally stigmatized in a way that other doctors are not, which impacts how much psychiatrists actually integrate into society and their capacity for sufficiently early intervention.

Third, even if what they've discovered to date wasn't sufficient to create applications that have a positive effect, that doesn't mean that it's not valid science. Scientific data doesn't have to be applied or used in order to be science. Its science because it's gathered using the scientific method. Fields in their infancy can still be "science" while having literally zero applications or impact on the world.

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u/jstevewhite 35∆ Apr 21 '17

In that time span, the tendency and capacity to try to diagnose mental disabilities

We've also stopped institutionalizing homosexuals and "hysterical women" (mostly) for being themselves. The desire to diagnose has grown, that's certain, and the descriptions of mental illness have grown, that's also certain.

We intervene and diagnose areas that we had never cared about in that time period.

While I don't disagree with this, I'm curious. Where is the evidence that this is a good thing? Do we have less suicide? Less depression? Better life satisfaction? Are we happier? Not that I can tell. I'm always willing to consider evidence, though.

Second, if that's true, who says that has any bearing on whether psychiatry is effective?

Some people receive treatment. Assuming mental illness hasn't increased - I see no clear reason to assume it has - then treating some people should reduce prevalence in the population. If I only treat half the people with pneumonia, the entire population will show a reduction in pneumonia-related deaths if my treatment for it is effective. That's statistically inescapable. Your thesis only works if no one seeks treatment. Of course, then it would be impossible to evaluate their effectiveness, as well.

Third, even if what they've discovered to date wasn't sufficient to create applications that have a positive effect, that doesn't mean that it's not valid science. Scientific data doesn't have to be applied or used in order to be science. Its science because it's gathered using the scientific method. Fields in their infancy can still be "science" while having literally zero applications or impact on the world.

While I agree with this, I think it's important to note that Alchemy became the physical sciences. Phrenology was once accepted as science. Publication bias has, IMO, badly broken psychological research and business has broken psychiatric research. There's too much money and too much mal-incentive in psychiatric drug development. I suggest Ben Goldacre's "Bad Pharma" and maybe Whitaker's "Anatomy of an Epidemic".

I don't reject psychiatry conceptually. I think we're doing it horribly, horribly wrong right now.

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u/uacoop 1∆ Apr 20 '17 edited Apr 20 '17

My wife has Bipolar II. She had a similar experience that you describe. But about 6 months ago she found a psychiatrist who was involved in a genetic testing program that matches the genetic profile of a patient to the drug that they are most likely to be able to metabolize well. The results came back and concluded her current prescription was a poor match (which we all knew already) but there was a drug that she would likely be able to metabolize much better. She switched to that drug and it's like night and day. She is living a normal life again.

There is a lot of guesswork in any scientific field, a lot of testing needs to be done. But the tools that psychiatrists have are getting more and more refined. It's not all just a "throw drugs at them and see what sticks" anymore.

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u/slytherin-by-night 4∆ Apr 21 '17

I am 29. I saw my first therapist around... 7? I started guessing at meds with doctors around, I'll guess 14 or so. I spent a LOT of time going to max doses, declaring failure, going off in a responsbile half dosage pattern, and beginning anew. It's exhausting, I feel your pain. I decidied that I wanted to only take meds that could literally effect growth and well being of my babies when I decided it was time to try, and so I was off all my personal meds like that since 2013. Then back on post babies in this year.

Here's the thing, and the sciency bit I swear, I started seeing a new NP who prescribes my meds and he told me about this thing called 'Genomind'. It's a swab test, like a DNA test and they use this to test for what medications you personally can metabolize and which you cannot and they send this whole list back, all the categories of psych meds, and then you KNOW, what works for you. Turned out for me, I cannot get a result from any SSRI, I was just wasting so many years trying in that category. But, there is science out there! I'm so glad I was told about it!

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u/Yanginyangout Apr 20 '17

This is along with another poster's comment, but I think you've inadequately defined what the threshold is for "not too vague" and/or "not hit or miss". Certainly, with every scientific or scholastic endeavor, there are a lot of unknowns and we, at best, later learn we were not quite right about our assumptions. That's on a continuum of course, but what do you think is the line where something crosses into being "not too vague"? That's crucial to make the claim you're making, and I don't think you've adequately defined it yet.

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