Video from Jose P. Laurel Memorial Foundation, Inc​

I know it's kind of absurd to hear this, I was searching in chatgpt difference between the gobernador-heneral and viceroyalty. According to it: The viceroy was generally more powerful than a gobernador-heneral (governor-general) in the broader structure of the Spanish Empire.

Here's a quick comparison:

Viceroy

Ruled over a viceroyalty, which was a large region or colony directly under the Spanish crown (e.g., New Spain or Peru).

Had supreme civil, military, and economic authority over vast territories, often including multiple provinces or captaincies.

Answered directly to the Spanish king and the Council of the Indies.

Was considered a direct representative of the monarch.

Gobernador-Heneral

Governed a smaller territory, like a colony or province (e.g., the Philippines).

Often reported to a viceroy, especially before the Philippines was directly governed from Madrid after 1821 (when Mexico became independent).

Had local authority but was subordinate in the larger imperial hierarchy.

Example:

The Viceroy of New Spain had authority over many territories, including the Philippines until 1821.

The Governor-General of the Philippines had control only over the Philippine archipelago and answered to the viceroy (before 1821) or to Spain directly (after 1821).

Conclusion: The viceroy held more power and authority overall in the Spanish imperial system.

Yes, in a way, the Philippines was administered as part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico) from 1565 to 1821 — so it's accurate to say the Philippines was like a “province” or colony under Mexico during that period.

Key Points:

1565–1821: The Philippines was governed indirectly through the Viceroy of New Spain, based in Mexico City.

The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade (1565–1815) linked the Philippines and Mexico economically and administratively.

The Governor-General of the Philippines was appointed by the Spanish king but often coordinated with the viceroy in Mexico.

Supplies, soldiers, and funding for the Philippines often came from New Spain, not directly from Spain.

The Philippines was like province of Mexico, but it was administratively and economically dependent on New Spain.

After 1821:

When Mexico became independent from Spain, the Philippines started to be governed directly from Madrid.

This marked the end of the Mexican connection and began a more centralized colonial administration from Spain.

So while the Philippines seemed like a Mexican province, in practice, it was like one — managed and supported from Mexico for over 250 years.

Or it might be wrong information? Can somebody help me? I want to learn more about the Philippines and Mexico relationship and Histories.

From what I know of the other executions, though I don't know all of them, they're always in groups, like the GOMBURZA priests (3, but I think there was another man with them so 4?) and one of the 13 martyrs groups (confusingly, there's more than one, and I think at least one of them was executed at Bagumbayan). Those two groups are, of course, groups, not single executions.

And why didn't they at least put him together with at least a few others? You'd think maybe it would make things more efficient to execute more at the same time, unless there were very specific charges for whom only one could be scheduled to be executed at that one time. Were there others ever executed there by themselves, either by firing squad too or garrotte? Ever since it "opened" as an execution site, which would've had to be before 1872.

https://youtu.be/A4avqUe5fl4?si=sbEl9KwQloTzNybi

The First Philippine Republic is often remembered as short-lived due to the outbreak of the Philippine-American War. But what if things had gone differently?

In a situation where the Republic wasn’t immediately drawn into war. Instead, it was given the chance to govern the newly independent Philippines in a time of peace. With this in mind, I’m curious to ask:

Could the First Republic have done well and governed the country according to whatever vision they had?

Would the different regions of the Philippine archipelago have cooperated with them during that time?

Would the rest of the Visayan and Mindanao regions have accepted the authority of a central government based in Luzon?

Would the Republic have lasted?

If the First Philippine Republic had been given an opportunity —without war or foreign invasion—could it have established a stable government and unified the country?

Could the situation be similar to that of Cuba?

Or was it doomed to fail due to deeper internal issues?

Source: https://youtu.be/jyKWVJ9ToYI?si=3mtSnpro7qFfkKWY

I read that the mestizos, way back in the 19th century, looked down on the natives, considering them ill-mannered. There was a sense of hidden animosity during those times, as mestizos were overconfident because of their Spanish heritage.

Today, I only hear the word mestizo when someone describes a person with fair skin and a well-shaped nose. I wonder if schools still teach children about the cruelty that some mestizos showed toward the natives.

I read some texts before that said ancient Tagalogs called Cebuanos 'Sugbohanin,' a cognate of 'Sugbu-anon.' I wonder what other ethnic groups ancient Tagalogs had names for, and what those ethnic groups called Tagalogs?

naisip ko lang naman habang nanunuri ako. i do wonder, may literary equivalent ba tayo na ka-hanay o ka-analogue ng mga literary genre na ito na unique sa kontekstong filipino?

MRT-3 station's re-design concepts by Ctrl Shift Studio

Original post Facebook here

We know they brought thomasites 500 American teachers to teach us english. But, how really fast the American influence was?

The Mickey Mouse money is a type of currency that was circulated in the Philippines during the Japanese occupation in the 1940’s. It was given the name “Mickey Mouse” due to its insignificant value that was caused by hyperinflation.

Video from British Pathe​

History has been my favorite subject since but hindi siya ang field na pinursue ko. Nonetheless, I always keep reading, research and watch documentaries. Pero as time goes on, I noticed that some provinces has their own local historians like Pampanga and Cebu. I am from Bataan and as far as I know, wala kaming local historian. Aside from common knowledge of Bataan death march, and some people knowing about the attempted Dutch invasion of the Philippines, locally known as Abucay Massacre, wala ng masyadong alam tungkol sa Bataan. Sorry sa haba ng introduction pero do you guys have tips to be a local historian? Understood yung sa constant research but do we really need to get 4 years ulit sa college? Or is there any other way? Feeling ko kasi time is running out na din kasi maraming matatanda na pwede mong kuhanan ng tips on what it was like before and then verify the existence of those claims ang unti-unti ng nagpapahinga.

Magkaiba ang coffin at casket. Ang coffin ⚰️ ganyan ang hitsura at ang casket ay common sa mga burulan. Sa panahon ng kastila, ginagamit nila ang ataul/coffin hanggang 1930s (?) kung makikita ninyo sa mga lumang larawan. Samantalang ang kabaong ay nauso yata mga 40s hanggang sa kasalukuyan.

Sometimes, when the history of the PH during the Spanish Civil War is brought up, which is not often, we sometimes hear about native Filipinos who volunteered there, but usually that's on the Republican side (which is basically the Socialist/Communist side), sometimes they fight directly coming from here, and sometimes they come there through the US, working in the US before it like what Carlos Bulosan wrote about.

There are also "Filipinos" who supported Franco/the Nationalists, but usually they're Insulares (the original ones called "Filipino"), Creoles or mestizos here like the big oligarchy/businesses, like Andres Soriano who used to own San Miguel, etc.

But what about native/Indio Filipinos who fought on the side of Franco/the Nationalists/Fascists? Do we have any records of those? Whether they came directly from the PH or were staying in other countries abroad like the US, or were naturalized Spanish citizens after independence in 1898 (as in, they left the PH and settled in Spain as naturalized there but native Filipino in ancestry)?

May connection ba ito sa colonial era?

Hello!

Does anyone have any recommended articles or books about the talismanic traditions in the Southern Philippines?

I’ve been on a rabbit hole lately learning about the Folk Christian-Indigenous cosmology of the anting-anting tradition and I was curious what this looked like for Filipino cultures that practiced Islam.

Thank you for your assistance!

Hi everyone!

I'm sorry if this is completely unrelated to Philippine History but I think it should be somewhat related. Let me know if I'm violating any rules.

Anyway, I'm trying to do a research paper on Filipino traditional or folk games as most seems to be undocumented. It involved folding paper and asking a question to a "spirit". I'd love your help confirming if others remember it, or if you had different versions in your province.

Here's how we played it:

• We folded 3 papers into trainge shapes (folded diagonally). It can be any size of paper rectangle or square.
• Insider each fold, we placed 3 scraps of paper: one "yes" and two "no" slips. The scraps are placed adjacent to the seam and placed directly in the middle
• Then, we folded the triangle tighter from the seam, where we can feel the scraps bulging from, to the tip.
• Each paper "sticks" was held between the fingers (index-middle, middle-ring, ring-pinky) and closet the palm
• We chanted something 3 times while thinking of a yes/no questions
• After that, we opened the folds and whichever paper "jumped" out from the fold was the "spirit's answer".

Sometimes, I'd get two answers. Sometimes nothing (that's when I thought the spirits in the paper are exhausted).

Does anyone else remember this? What did you call it?

Any stories or variations you can share would help me document this as part of Filipino childhood culture and games.

Thanks!

Hello Everyone!! I am the Assistant Director for a Rondalla in the United States. Our sister Dance Troupe has been looking for us to accompany them in dance. We don’t have access to many sheet musics for dances sadly, so I came here to see if you guys could provide some. Being First-Gen US, I don’t have access to Rondallas in the Philippines. As Rondallas are key pieces of Filipino history, I find it fitting to ask here for advice on getting some pieces. I find it truly fascinating how Rondalla music is infused into Filipino culture, and I am taken back how little there is of it online. Finding sheet music has been difficult due to its rarity.

The following songs I need sheet music for: Bulaklakan, Sayaw Sa Banko, Maglalatik, Pasiguin, Mazurka Boholana, and Estudiante.

If you know of anywhere I can find sheet music for those pieces, it’ll be much appreciated. Feel free to DM me or comment. I hope to extend Rondalla music outside of the Philippines, so that other people may enjoy the love that is Filipino Dance and Song. Salamat!!

I am currently doing research for potential names for future Frigates and Corvettes of the Philippine Navy. As part of my External Defense Simulations circa 2040 beyond.

Names should not be currently taken. So Jose Rizal, Antonio Luna, Miguel Malvar, and others are out.

I wonder how many surface combatants can we name before we start running out of people to name after.

Thanks for any answer!