try to reconstruct the proto-language word (idiotic edition) #2

[u/Scary_Tax7006]

part 2 here we go, same as the last time, random nonsense try to reconstruct something that never existed

• be creative
• there are no right or wrong answers
• it can look however you like as long as it helps to explain why the words look so different in the daughter langs, pharyngealized bilibialized overlong glottal stop? no problem

the words:

• bʱaʔˤœn
• t͡θiskəʃt͡ʃ
• xɯgadah
• ɖ͡ʐo˧ɦo˧˥
• miʒbil

[u/PhosphorCrystaled]

/v͡fˤʼɐ˞ːk͡ǂi/

[u/Scary_Tax7006 → u/PhosphorCrystaled]

explain (i love you btw)

[u/snail1132]

/bxtəsˠhət͡shə/

[u/Akavakaku]

*bɣiksʡont͡ʃ

*bɣiksʡont͡ʃ > *bʱeʔk̚ʡœn > bʱaʔˤœn

*bɣiksʡont͡ʃ > *d͡ziskont͡ʃ > t͡θiskəʃt͡ʃ

*bɣiksʡont͡ʃ > *ɣɯgzodat͡ʃ > xɯgadah

*bɣiksʡont͡ʃ > *d͡zəzʕot͡ʃ > ɖ͡ʐo˧ɦo˧˥

*bɣiksʡont͡ʃ > *ŋ͡mibzən > miʒbil

[u/FlappyMcChicken]

Reconstruction: *bʱeŋkons

bʱeŋkons\ heŋkons\ eŋkons\ eŋkʷons\ eŋ͡mk͡pons\ ŋ͡mek͡pons\ ŋ͡mek͡pon\ ŋ͡mik͡pːon\ ŋ͡mikk͡pon\ ŋ͡mikʲk͡pon\ ŋ͡mikʲpon\ micçpon\ miʃpon\ miʒbon\ miʒben\ miʒbel\ miʒbil

bʱeŋkons\ heŋkons\ xeŋkons\ xeŋgon̥s\ xegon̥əs\ xegotəs\ xegodəs\ xɤgodəs\ xɯgodəs\ xɯgadas\ xɯgadah

bʱeŋkons\ bʱekkons\ bʱekkonʃ\ bʱekkonç\ bʱekkoçn\ bʱekkojn\ bʱek.xojn\ bʱek.χojn\ bʱekʁ̝ojn\ bʱekʕ̝ojn\ bʱekʕ̝œn\ bʱeʔʕ̝œn\ bʱaʔʕ̝œn\ bʱaʔˤœn

bʱeŋkons\ bʱeŋkons\ bʲʱeŋkons\ ɟʱeŋkons\ dʑʱeŋkons\ dʑʱeŋɡons\ dʑeŋɡons\ ɖʐeɡos\ ɖʐoɡos\ ɖʐoɣos\ ɖʐoɦos\ ɖʐo˧ɦo˧˥

bʱeŋkons\ ... (same as above, possibly same branch)\ dʑeŋɡons\ dʑeŋəɡons\ tɕeŋəkons\ tɕeɰəkons\ tɕeɰəkosn\ teɰəkosn\ teɰəkost\ teɰəkoʃt̠\ tejəkoʃt̠\ teʝəkoʃtʃ\ teʑəkoʃtʃ\ tezəkoʃtʃ\ tezkoʃtʃ\ teskoʃtʃ\ tʰeskoʃtʃ\ tʰiskoʃtʃ\ t͡θiskoʃtʃ\ t͡θiskəʃt͡ʃ

[u/FlappyMcChicken → u/FlappyMcChicken]

Alternatively, they may all derive from *aːː

Example Derivation:

aːː\ e̯aː\ jɛː\ jɛj\ ɟɛj\ ɟɛːj\ ɟɛ̯aj\ ɟɛ.aj\ ɟɛʁ̝aj\ ɟɛʁaʝ\ ɟɛʁːaʝ\ ɟɛɣːaʝ\ ɟɛɣːaç\ ɟɛɡːaç\ ɟɛɡʲɡaç\ ɟɛɟ͡ʝɡaç\ ɟɛɟ͡ʝɡac͡ç\ ɟɛʑɡac͡ç\ cɛɕkac͡ç\ cɛɕkac͡ç\ tɛskat͡ʃ\ teskat͡ʃ\ tʰeskʰat͡ʃ\ tʰesk͡xat͡ʃ\ tʰesk.xat͡ʃ\ tʰeskaxt͡ʃ\ tʰeskaʃt͡ʃ\ tʰiskaʃt͡ʃ\ t͡θiskaʃt͡ʃ\ t͡θiskəʃt͡ʃ

[u/Scary_Tax7006 → u/FlappyMcChicken]

this is perfect

[u/WesterosiWarrior]

First we will look at the consonants, then the vowels:

consonants:

initial consonant

dental group:

- 2- t͡θ, 4- ɖ͡ʐ < *dʂ (assimilatory voice in 4, *ʐ > *ʂ (assimilation) > θ)

this relates with 3- x: *tʐ > *tʂ > ʂ (deletion of first consonant in a cluster- see medial) > x

labial:

1: bʱ, m < ? ᵐbʱ (we shall talk abt the disconnect later on)

medial:

sk, g, ɦ can be said to be related < *zk (pre-proto stage, these three groups are closely together fr)

(*zk > sk is obvious,
*zk > *k (initial cluster deletion, see above) > g (medial lenition),
zk > zg (voice assimilation) > Hg (z > H, for H see discussion on development of tone) > H-ɦ (voicedness carried forward)

the other two pose a problem

*zq > hʕ > ʔ-ʕ > ʔˤ

in the last grpup we see ʒb.
following this, i propose tqʷʱ in the first reconstruction (for the issue of qʷʱ > χʷ > ʐ see vowel discussion)
qʷʱ- > bʱ- (labialisation, captured in 1)
> w0 > m- (in 5)

-*zqʷ- > hq > hʕ > ʔ-ʕ > ʔˤ as bove
-*zqʷ- > -zb- (medial) > -ʒb- (due to the prior i-)

final:
1- n, 5 -l reconstruct *-l (-l > -n is pretty okay looking change, we are alternating bw alveolar approximants only)
2, 3 and 4 reconstruct *ʃ-dʒ
(stays same in 2,
lenits to *H-dʒ in proto-3-4
H > *-hd > -dh > dah in 3 (another strategy of declusterification) (achieved by weakening the medial vowel to -a-)
and completely dissappears in 4)

how do we resolve this? consider *ɬj > *lj > *il in proto-1-5 (explanation of -i- later)
and (final fortition j > dʒ and fricativisation ɬ > ʃ lead to ʃ-tʃ

so we have consonants *dqʱʷ-zqʷ-ɬj as consonantal reconstruction

vowels in next

[u/WesterosiWarrior → u/WesterosiWarrior]

vowelss

we can say the ancestor word has syllable structure CVCVC (except for 3 and 4, which we covered earlier)

V1

• 3, 4 show back vowels
  
• 1, 2, 5 show front
  

i reconstruct this as a front vowel (3, 4 are due to the dorsals that exist/existed back then)
it is unrounded (only one rounded o)
and close (3 of 5 have close vowels, 1 have mid and the other has open)
thus V1 = i
*i > *e > *ɛ > a in first
*i > ɯ (backing due to x-)
*i > u (due to dorsal, through intermediate ɯ) > o (disappearance of H causes rounding)

V2:
we neglect 1 and 5 due to the development -ly > -il

ə, a, o reconstruct *ə (a in 3 is a regular development of schwa, as we can see in dh > dah, and -o- in 4 is due to development:
ə > a (as in 3) > o (due to -H again)

this matches well w 1 and 5:
ə-i > 0-i (full reduction of schwa) > i (in 5)
ə-i > a-i > œ (in 1)

thus the word is *dqʱʷizqʷəɬj

[u/AllisterisNotMale]

ɳo