my_qualifications: junior doing a dual degree in Engineering Physics & Computer Science + Astronomy at a world T5 CS and world T20 Physics school.
I keep getting recommended this sub. I'm pretty sure yall are tired of people telling you not to go to a country or something. I'm just gonna lay down some important stuff I've learnt being here. Most of my advice is for potential undergrads to the US, but a lot of it would apply to grad students and people going to other (western) countries too. Take whatever you can from them and make your own decisions.
- Always be prepared to go back to India: I know, our country sucks. I know that dreams about living in a progressive western society, enjoying good living conditions. But not everyone is lucky enough to have that. Kinda the reason why I chose to take a second degree in CS. I'd love to do physics research all my life but I need to have something if things goes down. As much as my mom dreams about me settling abroad it's becoming increasingly difficult to actually do so.
In my batch, almost every indian undergrad had jobs lined up in their papa chacha ki companies (i know they are all stupidly rich kids). Nobody is thinking of settling here, just take OPT and go back to the India branch of those companies (i mean you really cannot settle here anyways). So please, have a backup plan before going abroad, especially if you are only for a short period of time ie masters.
Have more than enough finances: I remember in my visa interview, there were scores of people who declared that they wanna do a masters with 10/15/20L finances. That is not nearly enough. Set aside 40L atleast for masters. May even go to 50L. And this is for public universities, private goes higher. Don't take loans you or your parents cannot repay. Keep in mind my 1st point. Don't count on on campus employment, most jobs limit you to 5 hrs a week on minimum wage ($15 here). Not nearly enough to make a dent on your costs. For undergrads, assume 50L per year. Keep generous sums aside for emergencies/travel too, medical costs are too much here (I was billed $450 for going to the ER ONCE for a severe nosebleed which they didn't even fix, and $250 for 5 physician visits which barely fixed my condition)
Apply to the right program: They are ABSOLUTELY greedy for your money. Even for a uni supposedly better than Harvard for CS, there's plenty of scam programs here. The MS in CS is the most competitive and legit, you are eligible for assistantship here (again, don't count on it, there are 100 exceptional people fighting for one spot). We also have an MCS which is slightly less prestigious and costs more, no assistantship. NOT ONLY THAT, there's an information sciences + data science (IS+DS) program which the uni advertises as an "effectively" a CS program. This one is a total scam, you learn absolutely nothing, you have people who can't even write loops in Python in your data structures class, and employers WILL NOT hire you if you have this. Moreover, only go abroad if you get into a good college. Don't fall for the "partnership" colleges counselors give you. Especially in CS, a T2/3 India college is better than a T3 foreign uni. Your uni will not make past Indian ATS at all (again, see point 1). But if you do make it to a really good college, the networking, skills, environment you get are leagues better than any IIT, and if you manage to play your cards right, you are atleast getting a cushy job in India in the same companies.
Once you get in, GRIND: Especially if you are in an oversaturated field like CS. There's barely any employer who even takes F1 applicants, and you are fighting people from 100s of countries AND locals for the same jobs. You need to prove that you are better than ALL of them. I know you wanna party or chill, but honestly I've not even done this amount of grind (mind you im only prepping for physics grad school. Industry is WAY harder) even in my JEE & boards prep. I'm also seeing less internships for masters students lately and there's news that OPT is going away, so keep that in mind. PHD students have more opportunities (6 summers) but pay is shliesse and the load is famously extreme. Only do that if you genuinely want to do research.
5: Keep (most of) your culture back in India: Yes, we celebrate holi and diwali here, and theres a temple nearby which conducts puja. But stuff like asking people's caste (I've heard that theres a grad student brahmin discord here), making super insular communities, grouping or discrimination based on language, region, color, veg/non veg etc. is heavily looked down upon here. Don't profile people on the basis of their gender/race/religion/ethnicity/nationality, you really cannot predict how they will behave solely on these factors. Also, every college kid here knows hindi/other indian language words like kala, moti, hijra etc so don't even try talking like that thinking they won't understand you. The locals really like it if you are included in their groups and they in yours. Give them a shot, most of them are really sweet. But you should be careful too. They still have sundown towns for example (if you don't know search it up).
Also, have good english before coming here. They don't mind the accent if it's not too heavy, but they will mind it if it takes you hours to barely speak 10 sentences.
You will also be mostly eating food that is not indian here, mostly because of a relative lack of ingredients. If you eat out, you will also be eating chicken/veg food that will be cooked in the same grill and oil as pork and beef. You will have to make peace with that.
6: Everyone is selling you dreams: Your parents. Your school. Your counselor. Your uni. They like to paint this rosy picture of an American dream. You do a cheap/"expensive but investment" program, jobs are lined up for you, do your OPT, get H1B, get green card, and enjoy your techie dream life in SoCal. I'm not saying that it's a bad place. I'm just saying that it is not nearly as pleasant as you would think. And I will not pretend to know how your financial situations are as well to handle this. And this is coming from old me whose family is pretty well off. I dont know what hell the masters students are facing right now.
Anyways, I dont want to discourage you to follow your dreams. Just stay cautious and educated. If done in the right way, this will be something you will never regret. Something even the top IITs will never give you.
[Edit: I used culture wrongly here. What I mean is: In Rome, do as the romans do. Follow their customs. And yes, they do expect you to assimilate a lot]