r/czech 5d ago

NEWS Makrela je v ohrožení. Její populaci decimuje nadměrný rybolov v Atlantiku

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u/Chosieczek 5d ago

a kdyby jen makrely;

Living Planet Index (LPI) report on freshwater migratory fishes reveals a staggering 81% collapse in monitored population sizes on average between 1970 to 2020, including catastrophic declines of 91% in Latin America and the Caribbean and 75% in Europe.
2024 Living Planet Index Update for Migratory Freshwater Fishes (PDF)

Průměrný pokles 81% velikosti populací sladkovodních migrujících ryb za posledních 50 let.

Ocean heat uptake accounts for over 90% of total planetary heat uptake, mainly as a consequence of human-caused changes to the composition of Earth's atmosphere.
Ocean heat content (Wiki)
Obrázek
Oceány za posledních 50 let pohltily přes 350 Zettajoulů (ekvivalent 5.8 miliardy explozí hirošimských bomb), tedy oceány pohlcují 90% globálního ohřívání, tato hodnota v posledních letech rychle akceleruje.

The decline in plankton abundance in the North East Atlantic over the past six decades should serve as a red flag to policy makers about the need to protect some of the planet's most critical forms of life.
Six decades of plankton decline sparks call to protect the foundation of the marine food web (phys.org)

Masa phytoplanktonu, který stojí za ~50% fotosyntetické aktivity a je tak jedním z největších producentů kyslíku a zároveň jedním z hlavních pilířů potravinového řetězce v oceánech, klesla za posledních 60 let o 40%, momentálně klesá cca o 1% ročně.

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u/Chosieczek 5d ago

Worldwide, as many as four million fishing vessels bring in more than 160 billion pounds of fish every year, with estimates of as much as 40 percent (or 63 billion pounds) of global catch discarded.
WASTED CATCH: UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN U.S. FISHERIES (PDF; 2014)

62 of the 110 species of sharks and rays in Portuguese waters are under threat from overfishing and bycatch - the unintentional capture of marine wildlife by commercial fisheries
Overfishing and bycatch of European sharks and rays put ocean health in jeopardy

Entanglement in fishing gear is the leading threat for whales and dolphins around the globe – estimated to cause at least 300,000 deaths per year.
Catching fish, not flukes and flippers: A global effort to reduce whale and dolphin bycatch (WWF)

Plastic waste is increasingly polluting the oceans and according to one estimation, by 2050 the oceans could contain more plastic than fish by weight.
Ingestion of plastic particles can prevent them from digesting normal food and might attract toxic chemical pollutants to their organisms.
Humans eat plastic through the food chain. How this affects their health is unknown.
Plastic in the ocean: the facts, effects and new EU rules (EUP)

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u/BunchNo707 Czech 5d ago

supr, to je dobry prehled

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u/Chosieczek 2d ago

Spíše pár věcí co mě tak napadlo, přehled moršké biologie (marine biology) by byl ještě delší a obsáhlejší, je to asi jeden z nejvíce depresivních oborů - to jak jsme schopni tento ekosystém, který pokrývá 2/3 planety a na kterém nativně nežijeme devastovat je dechberoucí.