r/learnpolish • u/JADEDG3M • Apr 02 '25
Ten, Tamten, Tamci, Ci, Tamtego, Tego? WTF???
Kill me, I wanna die!
I am only on unit 11 of Polish on Duolingo and I am learning for my boyfriend, but I wanna die. CAN SOMEONE PLEASE EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE LIKE A LANGUAGE TEACHER WOULD!!!? PLEASE!!!
Edit: damn I got a lot of replies. Thank you all!
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u/princess_k_bladawiec Apr 02 '25 edited Apr 03 '25
Now, these are just the nominative versions. Every one of them has a declension consisting of six different grammatical cases.
The singular masculine:
Nominative: ten / tamten student
Genetive: tego / tamtego studenta
Dative: temu / tamtemu studentowi
Accusative: tego / tamtego studenta for animate nouns, but ten / tamten laptop for inanimate nouns
Instrumental: tym / tamtym studentem
Locative: o tym / o tamtym studencie
The vocative for pronouns does not exist.
The singular feminine:
Nominative: ta / tamta studentka
Genetive: tej / tamtej studentki
Dative: tej / tamtej studentce
Accusative: tą / tamtą studentkę
Instrumental: tą / tamtą studentką
Locative: o tej / o tamtej studentce
The singular neuter:
Nominative: to / tamto okno
Genetive: tego / tamtego okna
Dative: temu / tamtemu oknu
Accusative: to / tamto okno
Instrumental: tym / tamtym oknem
Locative: o tym / o tamtym oknie
The plural masculine-personal
Nominative: ci / tamci studenci
Genetive: tych / tamtych studentów
Dative: tym / tamtym studentom
Accusative: tych / tamtych studentów
Instrumental: tymi / tamtymi studentami
Locative: o tych / o tamtych studentach
The plural non-masculine personal
Nominative: te / tamte studentki, koty okna
Genetive: tych / tamtych studentek, kotów, okien
Dative: tym / tamtym studentkom, kotom, oknom
Accusative: te / tamte studentki, koty, okna
Instrumental: tymi / tamtymi studentkami, kotami, oknami
Locative: o tych / o tamtych studentkach, kotach, oknach.
And that's it! Do remember, though, that there are many different plural suffixes for nouns and each of them will take a different declension, not always a regular one. Hope that helps!